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Aside: Curious comparison to saline!

https://twitter.com/JesseOSheaMD/status/1337091268866953219

Jesse O’Shea MD, MSc @JesseOSheaMD -- I've been getting a lot of questions of how the Pfizer's COVID19 vaccine side effect profile compares to other common vaccines. So - I made some graphics.

Pfizer's vaccine has less side effects than Shingrix but more so than the influenza vaccine and placebo.

dWNnQu5.jpg
 
CA C19 Exposure App loaded on my iPhone at 4:30 am Pacific by the Emergency Notification System. Here's a link:

COVID19.CA.GOV

I’m very curious of this. I can see a lot of people opting in to wanting to be alerted if they’ve been exposed. But, how many are going to actually upload a positive test result?
The creators or powers-to-be should’ve made it so that anyone having opted in will get their test results uploaded automatically (if/whenever tested).
 
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I’m very curious of this. I can see a lot of people opting in to wanting to be alerted if they’ve been exposed. But, how many are going to actually upload a positive test result?
The creators or powers-to-be should’ve made it so that anyone having opted in will get their test results uploaded automatically (if/whenever tested).
That would make the system non-anonymous. I'm sure if you test positive you will get a reminder when you receive the results.
 
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So I would say the US is probably in the 40-50 million total cases range with a low probability it might be as high as 70 million. That works out to about 12-15% herd immunity at this point. It could be lower than 40 million due to the factors cited above. We don't know and probably won't know for several years until deep dive studies can be done by academics with hindsight and a much better data set.
If our policy and testing procedure were static for the duration of the pandemic at today's levels, I'd agree. We have to remember our official procedure from Mar-Jun or so was that if you showed up at a hospital with clear as day covid19 symptoms, but were 50 years old or younger, you got sent home without a test to ride it out rather than overwhelm the hospital and potentially infect more people. That's a massive asterisk in our denominator.

We're also clearly underestimating the number of asymptomatic positives. Even back in May/Jun they were reporting surprise test results from prisons where 75% of the population tested positive. They tested Yuma Prison on Tuesday and 655 of 1066 came back positive. And almost certainly the other 411 were exposed to a significant viral load, but for one of a million possible reasons are effectively immune(age, genetics, flu shots).

My point is that it's exceedingly unlikely we have only a low multiple of 15.7M cases (up from 15.5M in the 16hr since I posted) with a virus so infectious and with a longer incubation period than almost all other coronaviruses. Logic says anyone in the US with moderate and repeated contact with dozens of people has been exposed to a level that would likely infect someone with susceptibly to infection. To me that's probably about 100-180M people. Of those, about 80M likely can't or would have a very difficult time getting and actual diagnosable infection. Those would be mostly kids and annoyingly healthy <45 people.

I just don't see how any other scenario is possible given the factors at play and the lack of precautions exhibited. I'll keep harping on the Swine Flu point.... in the 2009 pandemic we assumed that maybe maybe 1-5% of the US population had been infected with H1N1pdm09 virus, turned out the real range was 43-89M by the time we had data clarity a year later. We are on the exact same path IMO, currently at the denial of widespread infection stage.
 
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Notice the emotional nature of your responses....
Sorry to disappoint you. I know you're always bullish on infection counts. But such is not to be. It's a deadly virus!
Haha, maybe in April it was 7x.
And the contrasting cold, rational response.....
I do think the unreported cases are many times reported cases. I don't think we're as high as 100 M infection yet though.
This is why we end up with skewed and intractable versions of reality and bad policy.
 
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I
If the real CFR for the US is really 0.5% with up to date treatment techniques, then that would be an under reporting rate of about 4X max. Maybe 5X if the under-reporting of deaths is significant from places like Florida and Texas, but that's really stretching it. Considering that the US has a higher rate of comorbidities than the three countries above, the real CFR probably is higher, which would push the under reporting rate lower.

So I would say the US is probably in the 40-50 million total cases range with a low probability it might be as high as 70 million. That works out to about 12-15% herd immunity at this point. It could be lower than 40 million due to the factors cited above. We don't know and probably won't know for several years until deep dive studies can be done by academics with hindsight and a much better data set.

This is a good post, but you should use the term IFR (infection fatality rate) rather than CFR here.

The IFR has indeed dropped a lot since the spring, but unfortunately is climbing again as ICUs run out of space.

Death reporting has a much lower undercount than cases, but even here the reporting lags by several weeks. We know Texas is slow at reporting deaths, and probably has a large backlog of deaths that hasn't been reported yet. Over the summer, newspapers revealed that the backlog reached as many as 3800 people dead but not yet counted in the official stats. Florida and California are also slow, though not nearly as slow as Texas. The Dakotas shipped many severely ill patients out of state, many of whom have likely died, but it's unclear if these are included in the Dakotas' counts or are listed for MN, CO, and NE instead. Same with Wyoming.
 
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I'll keep harping on the Swine Flu point.... in the 2009 pandemic we assumed that maybe maybe 1-5% of the US population had been infected with H1N1pdm09 virus, turned out the real range was 43-89M by the time we had data clarity a year later. We are on the exact same path IMO, currently at the denial of widespread infection stage.

To date you have been wrong about this every time and you will continue to be.

People study the IFR. It's tricky. But they've done it and the results are fairly consistent. Here's a list: mbevand/covid19-age-stratified-ifr

If you want to look up other papers it's not hard.

From this analysis there is an IFR (which is of course based on the assumed incidence...which is what these studies were trying to understand!!!). In the US (not applicable elsewhere - the world IFR is probably more like 0.3-0.5%) the uniform-attack IFR is ~0.7%.

Assuming our realized IFR is 0.6% due to shielding, that makes ballpark calculations of infections going forward fairly easy.

You just have to account for lags. 330k people have died in this country so far (30k-40k not yet reported over the last 2 weeks, but they are already dead). And another 30k are sentenced to death now (infections over last 2-3 weeks). 360k total roughly.

360k/0.006 = 60 million infections.

I'd estimate the actual number is between 50 and 70 million. That's an "as of today" number, as I have attempted to account for lags in death reporting and future deaths due to new infections. It's pretty rough. But note it is nowhere near 100 million. Unfortunately.

I want you to be right. I really, really do.

Notice the emotional nature of your responses....

I'm sorry if I get emotional about unfounded beliefs that will push us towards higher mortality and higher spread.

Here's a better estimate of how many have been infected: COVID-19 Projections Using Machine Learning 16.6% as of two weeks ago.

Yep, will match the chart I posted that began this discussion exactly; that is the source (sorry if I didn't post it...I did mean to...probably thought it was in the chart). EDIT: Looks like the source was in the post.
 
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Five key genes are linked with the most severe form of COVID-19, scientists said on Friday, in research that also pointed to several existing drugs that could be repurposed to treat people who risk getting critically ill with the pandemic disease.

Researchers who studied the DNA of 2,700 COVID-19 patients in 208 intensive care units across Britain found that five genes involving in two molecular processes - antiviral immunity and lung inflammation - were central to many severe cases.
5 Key Genes Linked To Severe Covid Found, May Help In Targeted Treatment
 
My point is that it's exceedingly unlikely we have only a low multiple of 15.7M cases (up from 15.5M in the 16hr since I posted) with a virus so infectious and with a longer incubation period than almost all other coronaviruses. Logic says anyone in the US with moderate and repeated contact with dozens of people has been exposed to a level that would likely infect someone with susceptibly to infection. To me that's probably about 100-180M people. Of those, about 80M likely can't or would have a very difficult time getting and actual diagnosable infection. Those would be mostly kids and annoyingly healthy <45 people.

The claim here is inconsistent with what Mrs. Uujjj sees in the emergency department on a daily basis. And very inconsistent with what Mrs. Uujjj's friends from residency at Elmhurst Hospital in NYC saw in March. I would be very happy if you were right, but I think you are engaged in wishful thinking.
 
This was a nice thread from Trevor Bedford showing the elevation of death risk by age cohort.

https://twitter.com/trvrb/status/1336841300352454656?s=20

View attachment 616667

I believe this is the risk, conditioned on getting the disease. Not overall increase in risk.
I agree it's based on getting Covid. But it looks a little low. Based on US population pyramid a 100% infection rate would result in about 1.4-1.5m deaths, which is a ~0.45% IFR.

EDIT - scratch that 0.45 IFR, I think my math is wrong. I'll have to work on it some more. Meanwhile. Worldometers shows the US exceeded 300k today.
 
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Since I had been posting the COVID status previously for the assisted living place my Mother-In-Law was in up until her death from COVID 2 weeks ago, here are the latest numbers they just sent me. They have a maximum of 96 residents though I don't know the current number.

30 residents with active COVID on the residential floor
30 residents with active COVID on the memory floor
8 staff COVID positive
15 residents have died
 
If our policy and testing procedure were static for the duration of the pandemic at today's levels, I'd agree. We have to remember our official procedure from Mar-Jun or so was that if you showed up at a hospital with clear as day covid19 symptoms, but were 50 years old or younger, you got sent home without a test to ride it out rather than overwhelm the hospital and potentially infect more people. That's a massive asterisk in our denominator.

We're also clearly underestimating the number of asymptomatic positives. Even back in May/Jun they were reporting surprise test results from prisons where 75% of the population tested positive. They tested Yuma Prison on Tuesday and 655 of 1066 came back positive. And almost certainly the other 411 were exposed to a significant viral load, but for one of a million possible reasons are effectively immune(age, genetics, flu shots).

My point is that it's exceedingly unlikely we have only a low multiple of 15.7M cases (up from 15.5M in the 16hr since I posted) with a virus so infectious and with a longer incubation period than almost all other coronaviruses. Logic says anyone in the US with moderate and repeated contact with dozens of people has been exposed to a level that would likely infect someone with susceptibly to infection. To me that's probably about 100-180M people. Of those, about 80M likely can't or would have a very difficult time getting and actual diagnosable infection. Those would be mostly kids and annoyingly healthy <45 people.

I just don't see how any other scenario is possible given the factors at play and the lack of precautions exhibited. I'll keep harping on the Swine Flu point.... in the 2009 pandemic we assumed that maybe maybe 1-5% of the US population had been infected with H1N1pdm09 virus, turned out the real range was 43-89M by the time we had data clarity a year later. We are on the exact same path IMO, currently at the denial of widespread infection stage.

Like everyone else here, we wish you were right, but the data we can gather doesn't support it. I personally know a fair number of people who had classic COVID symptoms and never showed up in the statistics. I lost my sense of taste and smell for a few days with no sinus congestion. I also live in the Northwest where COVID was a problem early on.

When the data has a lot of noise, you need to approach things from different angles and look for correlations between results. Most of the estimates here and elsewhere come up with somewhere 40-60 million actual infections in the US with an outside of about 75 million.

As @AlanSubie4Life pointed out, most estimates are that about 0.6% of people who get COVID die. The US currently is around 3%, which does show an under reporting in US figures. The reported figures from John Hopkins today is 15.78 million cases and 294,144 deaths. That's a death rate of 1.86%.

If 100 million people had actually been infected with a death rate of 0.6%, that would be 600,000 dead. The numbers for deaths are under reported, @AlanSubie4Life explained why. They might be as high as 360,000 dead, but hiding almost half of all COVID deaths at this point would be impossible.

Another way to look at it is to take the 360,000 estimated dead based on 100 million cases, that's a death rate of 0.36%, which would give the US one of the lowest death rate in the world. The only countries that report that low are suspicious due to lack of infrastructure or an authoritarian government that wants to play down the virus. The US does have medical infrastructure that is on par with some of the best countries, but it has massively botched handling the pandemic and the US has a larger percentage of the population with known risk factors than most of the rest of the developed world.

At best the US fatality rate is on par with the 0.6% estimated.

I wish you were right, but I don't see data to support it. It does seem like some people seem to have some resistance to getting COVID. Rudy Giuliani is an example. People were wondering why he didn't get it because he was exposed several times, but he did eventually get it.

This is a good post, but you should use the term IFR (infection fatality rate) rather than CFR here.

The IFR has indeed dropped a lot since the spring, but unfortunately is climbing again as ICUs run out of space.

Death reporting has a much lower undercount than cases, but even here the reporting lags by several weeks. We know Texas is slow at reporting deaths, and probably has a large backlog of deaths that hasn't been reported yet. Over the summer, newspapers revealed that the backlog reached as many as 3800 people dead but not yet counted in the official stats. Florida and California are also slow, though not nearly as slow as Texas. The Dakotas shipped many severely ill patients out of state, many of whom have likely died, but it's unclear if these are included in the Dakotas' counts or are listed for MN, CO, and NE instead. Same with Wyoming.

Point taken. I keep getting IFR and CFR mixed.

If patients from the Dakotas were reported in other state totals, it would still show up in the national totals. But, yes we do have a national undercount. However, deaths is less noisy data than the number of positive cases reported. I was trying to extrapolate something from the data that might be more reliable. But every number has noise.