Those engineers did not on their own decide to make a change, and this is a significant change considering its function.
It came about because of a problem and changing the part would be the resolution to the problem.
The way things typically work in engineering and manufacturing is that when a part is changed (form, fit, function) it gets a new part number and that new part number is entered as an equivalent, or preferred, or required replacement in the parts list. If GM does not have this sort of system, there is a bigger problem that needs to be addressed.
Assuming they do have part numbering standards, the engineers only do the design and there is a protocol for numbering. The decision to not change the part number would have involved others, who may have been very careful to avoid a paper trail, but this was all about money.
Until proven otherwise, I believe the engineers were instructed to use the same part number.
In the aerospace industry, there are debates about whether a part number should be changed when there are very minor changes and there is a debate about form, fit, and function, but if it is an improvement that affects safety, there is no debate.
So I believe the engineers are scapegoats, or possibly paid co-conspirators because they should have blown the whistle, and the real criminals disregarded the impact of their decision in the desire to hide the problem and save money. This is not the first time similar penny pinching efforts have taken place in the auto industry - remember the Pinto. If there were executives responsible for directing the engineers to not change the part number, they should be located and prosecuted for manslaughter. The existence of a system and standards can be easily answered and the avoidance of direct answers by executives (we are researching it) is just stalling to work out a defense.