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Even at temperatures approaching -30C, heat pumps outperform oil and gas heating systems
When you're replacing electric resistance heating, anything over 1 is a win.I am a HUGE fan of heat pumps, but I find declarations of heat pump performance and efficiency misleading. A heat pump operating at a COP of 1.0001 has bested the best of resistance or combustion heating alternatives, but that will obviously not convince consumers to swap systems. The authors tacitly admit to heat pump limitations towards the end of the article when they discuss climates with temperatures below -10C (14F). There they encourage tighter building envelopes and better insulation.
I don't view the need to build better as a heat pump failure, but rather acknowledging that an integrated design really is needed. Marketing BS that leads to retro-fits of heat pumps into leaky, poorly insulated homes in cold climates is a set-up for failure.
This does become somewhat of a problem with peak electricity demand during an arctic blast.
While true on the surface heat pumps are typically a LOT more expensive to install. And curious if the COP includes the 5 minute defrost cycle when the resistant heat strips come on every hour when below 35F.When you're replacing electric resistance heating, anything over 1 is a win.
All houses need good insulation regardless of heat source.
The grid has max load in summer during the day with AC. Winter nighttime artic blasts are irrelevant.This is one of the seminal problems, because it forces the utility to build infrastructure to power an infrequent peak load. That keeps the price of electricity high, which presents a barrier to heat pump adoption beyond the high cost of purchase and installation The only solution for now is to improve building envelopes and to apply better building codes to new construction.
E.g., if electricity is 20¢ a kWh (mostly to cover peak demand), then presuming an average COP of 2.4, a Therm equivalent is $2.5
Just like an EV, the primary savings come from low operating costs even with a higher purchase price.While true on the surface heat pumps are typically a LOT more expensive to install. And curious if the COP includes the 5 minute defrost cycle when the resistant heat strips come on every hour when below 35F.
The grid has max load in summer during the day with AC
The grid has max load in summer during the day with AC. Winter nighttime artic blasts are irrelevant.
In terms of winter/summer heating/cooling energy use, we are the exception here in California where most people live (greater Los Angeles, San Diego, and SF-Sacramento corridor) and Hawaii too. But for the large percent of the U.S., heating buildings consumes multiple times the amount of energy as cooling.I think that is true for mild winter climates, and in winter climates where electric heating has not replaced NG.
But we need to - there needs to be permitting or annual cost based on size of electric strips. And it is going to hurt.