But, if the car is always listening, then does it not follow that the fob is always talking?
That's not the way I understand it. RKE would only transmit data for a button press.
Think TV remote control. The TV is always listening, but your remote control isn't always talking. You can test this by pointing a camera at it (standard camera detects the IR in the remote control), and you won't see anything. Keep pointing the camera, and press a button and you'll see a burst of light.
Now the Tesla is not a standard RKE. I don't know how they do it. They could have the fob be always talking, but that seems like a waste, even in low energy scenarios. They could have the fob always listening, and have the car transmit and listen (so that when you approach the car, the handles present. And when you're in the car, the car starts). Seems always listening and transmit when asked (or button press) would use less batteries.
I'm sure there are people who have taken the fob apart who could end the speculation.
Or is it that the car actively sends out a signal to which the fob replies, in which case the fob would then also be listening.
This is possible, and the more I think about it, this is likely.
For RKE this isn't necessary, but to start the car, the fob has to receive a signal stating that I'm here in the car. It's instant, so it's possible the fob is always talking. Or the fob is always listening too. Or something completely different.
In either case, the fob should be detectable by a nearby RFID-based locating device. Just saying.
Unless it's always talking, I'm not sure it's possible. Just saying.
If it's always listening, it's probably listening to the correct encrypted message from the car. So that doesn't help either.
If it were so simple, I'm sure someone would've come up with something by now. RKE has been around for decades. And people have been losing keys even longer. That's why there are passive RFID stickers for things, that's why there are bluetooth tiles for keys, etc. Those are easily done. Not sure about the car key homing device.