Does Tesla provide any of this information officially? They make P3D- cars and I assume they have some statement as what was done to make them P3D-, or what makes them P3D- in general.
Nope.
We know what made them P3D- based entirely on what we knew when it was available online.
That is- a P3D+ is a P3D- with bigger brakes, wheels, sport pedals, a 0.39" lowering, and the spoiler.
No real deep technical details given beyond that.
And 0 details at all about what makes a P3D- different from an LR AWD (in 2018) other than difference in 0-60 and top speed (and now availability of track mode) but all of those are software since we know for a fact from the parts catalog there's no hardware differences.
The only thing that crosses my mind is whether the “official” 0-60 for the LR AWD is 4.4, yet it has been supposedly independently tested as 4.0 - or perhaps less. Does this have anything to do with the physical makeup of the cars?
No- it has to do with Tesla being dishonest in how they list their times.
Tesla includes rollout for P cars (not just the 3 they've been doing the same nonsense for years with the S/X).
They
do not use rollout when listing specs for non-P models.
This artificially makes the Ps look more-fast compared ot non-Ps than is actually the case.
Tesla, briefly, managed to list the 3 honestly when the P/AWD launched- but increasingly that appears to have been an accident.
They listed the P at 3.5, and the AWD at 4.5.
Then a few months later magically changed the P to 3.3 (the rollout number) without making any change whatsoever to the car.
They dropped that to 3.2 (and the AWD to 4.4) after the first 5% software update.
Meanwhile back in reality the AWD was doing 4.0 if you measured it the same way as the P (and as confirmed by not just owners here- but car magazines).
Every other car company either uses rollout for
all their cars (most american companies for example- and american car magazines generally) or they use it for
none of their cars (BMW for example which is why folks who don't understand this is going on always claim BMW is "sandbaging" in their official specs because the car mags always get better numbers than BMW claims)
Tesla as I say is the only one I know who measures differently depending on the trim of the car (and makes it really hard to discover they do it too)
If it’s an official trim of Model 3, doesn’t Tesla have to report to the EPA or FTC what it is that they are selling?
Of course anyone at the showroom or delivery center knows nothing. They barely know how to tie their shoelaces.
They have to report the efficiency estimate for EPA (and they do)
And there's a few basic things that have to be on the window sticker that tell us nothing relevant to this discussion.
That's about it though.