I haven't done it, but here's a suggestion.
The cabin filter is placed before the evaporator coil. This picture shows the direction of the airflow, so you know which way the evaporator coil is located from the cabin filter.
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If you take the filter out and cover the hole with the filter removed and put the Kool It hose down the ducting in the direction of airflow, you can turn the fan on and continuously spray the foam so that it travels to the coil and covers it.
To make it easier for current and future treatments, you could drill a small hole into the plastic cabin filter cover to insert the hose, and then plug the small hole afterwards with a rubber stopper, or even some duct or electrical tape from the inside. The blower is upstream of the filter, so the cabin filter area is positively pressured and dry so the tape will stay in place when put on the inside. Some evaporator cleaners come with those same instructions and rubber plugs to do exactly that for treating the coil, so it's not some radical idea.