Wait, which manufacturers are having no problem meeting Cali's mandates? All of them? If all auto manufacturers are easily meeting the mandate then who are buying the ZEV credits exactly? And Fiat's CEO complained about the Cali. mandate b/c he is losing money on every Fiat EV he sells. Is Fiat then having an easy time meeting the requirements? Just curious, I'm probably missing something, not an expert on this stuff.
1) All of them
2) They(Honda and FCA mostly) are buying credits because they believe they are currently cheap and the price may rise when they need them in the future. Tesla sells them cheap today because Musk believes Tesla can create more credits than they will ever be able to sell in the not too distant future.
3) Fiat is easily meeting the requirement because the demand for 500e is greater than the supply. Far greater it seems. I have no doubt they are losing money on each 500e sold because they contracted out all engineering for the 500e to Bosch and then put in a tiny order for Bosch to manufacture the powertrains. That is a recipe for losing money.
It is far easier for Marchione to sell Hellcats, Ram 3500's and Maserati.
If he wants to he can scale up his EV program. Chrysler has had an electric Minivan in the works for 25 years.
If FCA does their own engineering and buys enough batteries to sell 100k PHEV Minivans, Jeep Crossovers,and electric 500e FCA will have enough economies of scale to make money.
Why doesn't Marchione want to do this? Because it will eat into ICEv profits and it will give CARB ammunition to raise the minimum requirements for ZEVs. CARB plans to ban the sell of new ICEv in CA in 2030 anyway but that is beside the point.
The legacy OEMs always say they will lose money with any new clean technology and they always claim that fleetwide requirements will bankrupt them. They always want to delay delay delay and stretch implementation of any new requirement way into the future.
In the 1970's all of the Big Three representatives at CARB meetings claimed that requiring them to put in catalytic converters in all vehicles would bankrupt them because consumers were unwilling to pay for clean technology.Today all vehicles sold in the industrialized countries come standard with catalytic converters and most in the third world do too. And the OEMs are doing just fine.